Everything You Need to Know About Indigenous Peoples' Day

Mar. 15, 2025

Anahuacalmecac International University Preparatory of North America student holds incense during an event celebrating Indigenous Peoples' Day on Oct. 8, 2017, in Los Angeles.Photo:David McNew/Getty Images

David McNew/Getty Images

Indigenous Peoples' Day is a holiday thathonors Native American peoplesand their ancestors for their resilience, inherent sovereignty and the impact they’ve had on our nation across many generations.

Each year, the day is observed on the second Monday of October. It is also nationally recognized as Columbus Day, which has been viewed as controversial across the country in recent years.

While Columbus Day isstill celebrated in some parts of America, several cities and states have replaced it. Instead, the day has grown to respect Native American peoples andcommemorate their cultures and histories.

In 2021, PresidentJoe Bidenmade history as the first U.S. president to formally recognize Indigenous Peoples' Day in America,according to The White House press briefing. He issued a presidential proclamation on Oct. 11, declaring the day a national holiday.

Keep reading to learn when Indigenous Peoples' Day takes place in 2024 and why Columbus Day has become increasingly controversial.

When is Indigenous Peoples' Day 2024?

Indigenous Peoples' Day falls on Oct. 14, 2024. It coincides with Columbus Day, which traditionally is observed annually on the second Monday of October in the United States.

Why is Columbus Day viewed as controversial?

Historical Picture Archive/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images

TheSmithsonian recordedan estimation that “in the 130 years following first contact, Native America lost 95 percent of its population.” Immediately after the explorers-turned-settlers entered the Western Hemisphere, the Indigenous peoples experienced slavery and had their resources infringed upon.

When was Indigenous Peoples' Day first introduced?

Members of a Native-American dance group from Tesuque Pueblo in New Mexico perform in the historic Plaza in Santa Fe, N.M., as part of the city’s Indigenous Peoples' Day program on Oct. 8, 2018.Robert Alexander/Getty Images

Robert Alexander/Getty Images

Per the Library of Congress, the earliest known Columbus Day celebration occurred on Oct. 12, 1792, in honor of the 300th anniversary of the explorer’s arrival to the Americas. Berkeley, Calif., was the first city to institute Indigenous Peoples' Day in 1992 to coincide with the 500th anniversary of Columbus' discovery.

Though Santa Cruz celebrated Indigenous Peoples' Day in 1994, it wasn’t until 2014 that other cities and states across the country began to recognize the holiday.

On Oct. 8, 2021, Biden made history as the first president to issue a presidential proclamation acknowledging Indigenous Peoples' Day. The statement served as a significant boost to refocus the federal holiday from acknowledging Columbus toward celebrating native peoples instead.

“Today, we also acknowledge the painful history of wrongs and atrocities that many European explorers inflicted on Tribal Nations and Indigenous communities,” Biden wrote. “It is a measure of our greatness as a nation that we do not seek to bury these shameful episodes of our past — that we face them honestly, we bring them to the light, and we do all we can to address them.”

Who is Deb Haaland, the history-making U.S. interior secretary?

Bill Clark/CQ-Roll Call, Inc via Getty Images

Along with President Biden, Secretary Deb Haaland made history when she became the first Native American to serve as cabinet secretary. Member of the Pueblo of Laguna and a 35th-generation New Mexican, Secretary Haaland works in consultation with the White House and Congress. She’s the 54th Secretary of Interior, who strives to preserve our public lands for future generations.

The U.S. Department of the Interior"plays a central role in how the United States stewards its public lands, increases environmental protections, pursues environmental justice, and honors our nation-to-nation relationship with Tribes."

Has Indigenous Peoples' Day completely replaced Columbus Day?

Women drummers sing as they lead a march during an Indigenous Peoples' Day event on Oct. 9, 2017, in Seattle.AP/Shutterstock

In recent years, some cities and states in the U.S. have officially decided to celebrate Indigenous Day instead of Columbus Day. In 2019, states like Vermont, New Mexico and Maine passed legislation renaming the holiday. That same year, Washington, D.C., joined the movement and switched the holiday’s name.

South Dakota was the first state to recognize Indigenous Peoples' Day as “Native Americans' Day” in the 1990s,per the South Dakota Legislative Research Council. South Dakota has the third-largest population of Native Americans in the country,according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Smithsonianmagazine reportedin 2020 that more than one dozen states (plus the nation’s capital) observe Indigenous Peoples' Day, including Alabama, Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Vermont, Virginia and Wisconsin.

Although not everyone is opting to replace the Italian explorer’s holiday completely, several U.S. cities, states and school districts have decided torecognize both Columbus and the Indigenoussimultaneously.

Why was the Boston Marathon significant on Indigenous Peoples' Day in 2021?

Drummers let out a yell as they finish a song during an Indigenous Peoples' Day gathering before a march on Oct. 9, 2017, in Seattle.AP/Shutterstock

The 125th Boston Marathon fell on Indigenous Peoples' Day in 2021, which, as theBoston Globereported, was both a win for activists who wanted the race to occur and a loss for others who preferred a different date (via a Change.org petition).

TheBoston Athletic Association (B.A.A.)decided to hold the marathon that day, and the organization acknowledged that the 26.2-mile route ran through the homelands of the Indigenous people before the start of the race.

The B.A.A. also donated $20,000 to the Indigenous Peoples' Day Newton Committee to host their first-ever Indigenous Peoples' Day celebratory event. Newton was one of the communities the route passes through.

How to observe Indigenous Peoples' Day

Seraphine Warren walking for indigenous women on Oct. 9, 2022, in Washington, D.C.Trailing Ellamae/Facebook

To learn more about Indigenous Peoples' Day and ways to honor Native America, Renée Gokey, citizen of the Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma and teacher services coordinator at theSmithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indianin Washington, D.C., has provided a list of ways to celebrate.

Be sure to check out the different ways your city and state are recognizing Indigenous communities in October.

source: people.com